4/4/2024 0 Comments Dsm 5 asd comorbidityGI disorders are also often associated with sleep disorders. The role of dysregulations of the gut-brain-microbiome axis is an area of active investigation. It is important to note that some behavioral problems, especially in children with ASD and ID, can be due to GI problems, including reflux, that sometimes are the primary underlying issue for these behavioral issues, including self-harm and aggression. In addition, children with autism have a five-time higher rate than their peers to develop feeding problems, including Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), although precise prevalence data are still not available for this disorder. One of the most common co-morbid conditions affect the gastro-intestinal (GI) system, which are four times more frequent than in the general population and range from constipation to inflammatory bowel disease. In addition to psychiatric and neurologic co-morbidities, patients with ASD also have significant comorbidity of somatic disorders. In the latest CDC report, 31% of children with ASD were classified in the range of ID (IQ 85). Increased awareness and broadening of the diagnostic criteria have resulted in an increase of autism prevalence, that has been associated with a reduced prevalence of ID in ASD as defined by the DSM-5 compared to older studies. Epilepsy is affecting approximately 19% of those with ASD and is more common in those who also have an intellectual disability (ID), affecting a up to 40% of individuals with ASD and ID. There is a high prevalence of epilepsy in ASD, and studies show up to 60% of epileptiform activity in the EEG of individuals with ASD. epilepsy) and mental/behavioral disorders. In addition, a recent longitudinal cohort study recently reported a 2-fold higher mortality risk through young adulthood for individuals diagnosed with autism, which seems to be mediated through shared neurologic (e.g. Two thirds of individuals with ASD receive psychotropic medication, and 40% receive more than one psychotropic medication as the same time. While the most prevalent co-morbid diagnoses are sleep disorders, anxiety, depression and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) other common diagnoses include eating disorders, and auto-, hetero-aggression and self-harm. Key wordsĪutism spectrum disorders, co-morbidities, anxiety, epilepsy ASD and psychiatric/neurologicalco-morbiditiesĪs many as 95% of individuals with autism have one or several comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, and ‘pure’ autism is extremely rare. In addition, there are a number of psychiatric, neurologic and somatic co-morbidities, that need to be understood and addressed in order to improve clinical outcome. There is significant clinical and phenotypic heterogeneity associated with ASD, which is not a discrete condition, but rather is part of a broader spectrum of neurodevelopmental conditions, as symptoms of autism almost never occur in isolation. In this short review, we address the most frequent neurological/psychiatric and somatic co-morbidities, and the latest evidence-based treatment options for these co-morbidities from the literature.Īutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders, and a complex clinical syndrome with different etiologies and pathogeneses. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders, a complex clinical syndrome with different etiologies and pathogeneses, and is almost always accompanied by co-morbid conditions.
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